![]() The difference is because most elements (including carbon) have more than one isotope. What gives? Fear not, sleuth-there is a reasonable explanation. Wait a minute, Shmoop, that's not 12.00 amu as we defined it earlier. Perhaps you're a regular Sherlock Holmes and you notice the atomic mass given for carbon (C) on the periodic table above is 12.01 amu. The periodic table: the atomic masses are located under the elemental symbols. That's where all the atomic masses on the periodic table come from. Although we do not know how much the average iron atom's mass is, we do know that it is 56 times as massive as a hydrogen atom. In other words, it not necessary to put a tiny atom on a scale to weigh it as long as we have a standard we can compare it to. If it's determined experimentally you weigh relatively 22% of what The Hulk weighs, you would weigh 0.22 HUs. We'll say The Hulk weighs exactly one Hulk unit (HU). Let's say we all compare ourselves to The Hulk. To fix this predicament, we could create a new scale system that compares our weight relative to others. Let's say all of the scales in the world are busted. That means the atomic mass of a hydrogen atom is 8.4% of that of a carbon-12 atom (1.008 amu to be exact). For example, the hydrogen atom is 8.4% as massive as the carbon-12 atom. How can this information help us determine the atomic masses of other elements? Experiments can be done to determine the relative mass of an element compared to carbon. The atomic mass is defined as the mass of an atom expressed in atomic mass units. Who comes up with this stuff? The carbon-12 atom is the atom that has six protons and six neutrons. One atomic mass unit (amu) is defined as a mass equal to one-twelfth the mass of a single carbon-12 atom. The first step is to assign a mass value to a chosen element to act as a standard. We can determine the mass of one atom relative to another atom. (Although we heard the Smurfs are hiding one.) That's not going to stop us, though. But how do we determine the weight or mass of an atom? It's not as if we have a scale small enough to measure such a small weight. The mass of an atom is determined by the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons it contains. Stoichiometry will seem easy peasy lemon squeezy once we're finished. These relationships will help us study the composition of compounds and how that composition can change during a reaction. ![]() It's more like the relationship between members in a group of friends-and the friends are different types of elements. We're not talking about the "it's complicated" type of relationship. We're going to use them to study the relationship between the mass of atoms and the mass of molecules. Now that does make a bit more sense.Remember chemical structures and formulas? Yeah, they're still important. Now, the table is called the periodic table because the elements with similar properties occur at regular intervals.Ĭal: Ah, OK. Mrs Roberts: Well, elements that have similar properties to each other are put into vertical columns called groups. The way we arrange them is in the order of increasing atomic number.Ĭal: And what about these vertical columns? I mean, what does all of that mean? It has changed a lot over the years as we've learned more and more about atoms. Mrs Roberts: Well, the modern periodic table shows us all of the elements arranged in rows, which are called periods. So how has the periodic table been put together? OK, well I might have been able to find that, but I'm still a little bit lost on what all of this actually means. See if you can see it in the periodic table.Ĭal: OK. ![]() Mrs Roberts: So, the chemical symbol is Al. And what is the chemical symbol for aluminium? Now, each element has a chemical symbol made of one or two letters.Ĭal: Right, OK. Mrs Roberts: So, here I have an empty pop can. Cal: Let's talk about some of the elements on the periodic table, shall we? ![]()
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